PATCH CLAMP TECHNIQUES
\pˈat͡ʃ klˈamp tɛknˈiːks], \pˈatʃ klˈamp tɛknˈiːks], \p_ˈa_tʃ k_l_ˈa_m_p t_ɛ_k_n_ˈiː_k_s]\
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An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
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